| "The Black Experience in America" by Norman Coombs |
| Part One - From Freedom to Slavery |
| Chapter 01 - African Origins. |
| Chapter 02 - The Human Market: The Slave Trade - Caribbean Interlude. |
| Chapter 03 - Slavery as Capitalism: The Shape of American Slavery. |
| Chapter 04 - All Men are created Equal: Slavery and the American Revolution. |
| Part Two - Emancipation without Freedom |
| Chapter 05 - A Nation Divided. |
| Chapter 06 - From Slavery to Segregation. |
| Chapter 07 - Racism and Democracy. |
| Part Three - The Search for Equality |
| Chapter 08 - The Crisis of Leadership |
| Chapter 09 - The New Negro |
| Chapter 10 - Fighting Racism at Home and Abroad |
| Chapter 11 - Civil Rights and Civil Disobediance |
| Chapter 12 - The Black Revolt |
| Chapter 13 - Epilogue |
| Excerpts from Slave Narratives (Edited by Steven Mintz - University of Huston) |
| Original main page placed on a Norwegian web server |
| #1. A European slave trader, John Barbot, describes the African slave |
| #2. A Muslim merchant, Ayubah Suleiman Diallo, recalls his capture and enslavement |
| #3. Olaudah Equiano, an 11-year old Ibo from Nigeria remembers his kidnapping into slavery (1789) |
| #4. Venture Smith relates the story of his kidnapping at the age of six (1798) |
| #5. A European slave trader, James Bardot, Jr., describes a shipboard revolt by enslaved Africans (1700) |
| #6. Olaudah Equiano describes the horrors of the Middle Passage (1789) |
| #7. A doctor, Alexander Falconbridge, describes conditions on an English slaver (1788) |
| #8. Olaudah Equiano describes his arrival in the New World (1789) |
| #9. An English physician, Alexander Falconbridge, describes the treatment of newly arrived slaves in the West Indies (1788) |
| #10. Solomon Northrup describes the working conditions of slaves on a Louisiana cotton plantation (1853) |
| #11. Charles Ball compares working conditions on tobacco and cotton plantations (1858) |
| #12. Josiah Henson describes slave housing, diet, and clothing (1877) |
| #13. Francis Henderson describes living conditions under slavery (1856) |
| #14. Jacob Stroyer recalls the material conditions of slave life (1898) |
| #15. James Martin remembers a slave auction (1937) |
| #16. Jacob Stroyer recalls the formative experiences of his childhood (1898) |
| #17. James W.C. Pennington analyzes the impact of slavery upon childhood (1849) |
| #18. Lunsford Lane describes the moment when he first recognized the meaning of slavery (1842) |
| #19. Laura Spicer learns that her husband, who had been sold away, has taken another wife (1869) |
| #20. An overseer attempts to rape Josiah Henson's mother (1877) |
| #21. Lewis Clarke discusses the impact of slavery on family life (1846) |
| #22. Olaudah Equiano describes West African religious beliefs and practices (1789) |
| #23. Charles Ball remembers a slave funeral, which incorporated traditional African customs (1837) |
| #24. Peter Randolph describes the religious gathers slaves held outside of their master's supervision (1893) |
| #25. Henry Bibb discusses "conjuration"
(1849) |
| #26. Frederick Douglass describes the circumstances that prompted masters to whip slaves (1845) |
| #27. John Brown has bells and horns fastened on his head (1855) |
| #28. William Wells Brown is tied up in a smokehouse (1847) |
| #29. Moses Roper is punished for attempting to run away (1837) |
| #30. Lewis Clarke describes the implements his mistress used to beat him (1846) |
| #31. Frederick Douglass resists a slave breaker (1845) |
| #32. Nat Turner describes his revolt against slavery (1831) |
| #33. Margaret Ward follows the North Star to freedom (1879) |
| #34. Frederick Douglass borrows a sailor's papers to escape slavery (1855, 1895) |
| #35. Harriet Tubman sneaks into the South to free slaves (1863, 1865) |
| #36. Henry "Box" Brown escapes slavery in a sealed box (1872) |
| #37. Margaret Garner kills her daughter rather than see her returned to slavery (1876) |
| #38. Private Thomas Long assesses the meaning of black military service during the Civil War (1870) |
| #39. Corporal Jackson Cherry appeals for equal opportunity for former slaves (1865) |
| #40. Jourdan Anderson declines his former master's invitation to return to his plantation (1865) |
| #41. Major General Rufus Saxon assesses the freedmen's aspirations (1866) |
| #42. Colonel Samuel Thomas describes the attitudes of ex-Confederates toward the freedmen (1865) |
| #43. Francis L. Cardozo asks for land for the freedmen
(1868) |
| #44. The Rev. Elias Hill is attacked by the Ku Klux Klan
(1872) |
| #45. Henry Blake describes sharecropping (1937) |
| #46. Frederick Douglass assesses the condition of the freedmen in 1880 |
| Women in Slavery |
| African American Women: 1492 to 1863: Slavery (source: About.com) |
| Enslaved women and slavery before and after 1807 (Source: Diana Paton, Newcastle University) |
| African-American Women Writers of the 19th Century (source: Digital Schomburg of The New York Public Library Digital Library Collections) |
| Women and slavery in the Caribbean The page is added to the North American section because of its links to more general information. (source: Penny Welch) |
| Slave women in Georgia (source: The New Georgia Encyclopedia) |
| Women's anti-slavery associations (source: Spartacus Educational) |
| Incidents in the life of a slve girl (source: Harriet Jacobs - penname Linda Brent) |
| Pictures of women in slavery (source: Google) |
| Buffalo Soldiers: African Soldiers in the US Army |
| "Buffalo Soldier" lyrics by Bob Marley |
| "Buffalo Soldier" at YouTube |
Buffalo soldiers in the US Army (source: Wikipedia) |
| "Buffalo Soldiers National Museum |
| US Civil War 1861-65 |
| Causes of the Civil War in America 2 (1861-65) - Short essay on the factors leading to the American Civil War. Covers slavery, legal questions, and key political leaders. |
| The Kansas_Nebraska Act - The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. |
| The War - A summary of major events. Pretty detailed. |
| The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1st, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln. |
| Resistance |
| Southampton Slave Revolt - Early in the morning of August 22, 1831, a band of eight black slaves, led by a lay preacher named Nat Turner, entered the Travis house in Southampton County, Virginia and killed five members of the Travis family. This was the beginning of a slave uprising that was to become known as Nat Turner's rebellion. |
| North America in general |
| Chronology on the History of Slavery - A History of Slavery from 1619 to End |
| Indentureship - Gottlieb Mittelberger, a German, Describes the Difficulties of Immigration, 1750 |
| The Underground Railroad - The Underground Railroad was perhaps the most dramatic protest action against slavery in United States' history. |
| The Underground Railroad - The Underground Railroad in Franklin County. Because of its location on the Mason-Dixon line Franklin County was intimately involved with both pro- and anti-slavery forces. |
| The African-American Mosaic - A Library of Congress Resource Guide
for the Study of Black History and Culture |
